Baraza

Two or so weeks ago – 15 January to be exact – Kenya’s Prime Minister Raila Odinga, who has been unwavering in his quest to save the Mau Forest, led a large delegation of government officials to Kaptunga Forest in the Mau Forest Complex to launch the governments Mau Forest Restoration programme. A large crowd of local people – as would be expected – turned up to cheer him on in this endeavor that has bred discord from within Mr Odinga’s political party. The rehabilitation of the Mau Forest, and the eviction of illegal settlers inside East Africa’s largest forest bloc has been controversial and Mr Odinga’s Orange Democratic Party has suffered some seemingly ideological splits between those who support eviction and those who oppose the eviction.

But, as the politics of the Mau heated up at Kaptunga, I was in another village a few kilometres away from where the Prime Minister was planting trees. I was with a group of Ogiek people – a hunter gatherer indegenous community that has lived in the Mau for thousands of years – planting trees. I was there by invitation from Dr Mukuria Mwangi who has started an on-farm tree planting innitiative as a contribution to the restoration of the Mau Forest – and blogs at Mau-Mandala. We were latter to go to the political rally that followed the prime minister’s tree planting launch at Kaptunga.

I got to talk with Dr Mukuria and the local people about the project and  how they are going to make it work. I recorded some of our discussions on video.

Kenya just recently went through the most devastating drought in decades. It is believed that in some parts of the country, this drought was made worse by forest destruction and the resultant drying of rivers. The most dramatic case of rivers drying was experienced in the areas which source their water from the Mau Forest Complex. The Mau is the largest continuous forest area in East Africa and is the source of many rivers including the Mara River, which runs through, and is the lifeline, of Kenya’s most celebrated wildlife conservation area – the Masai Mara National Reserve.

The Mau Complex in Kenya (Map: BBC News)

For years, the Mau has suffered severe destruction as land hungry Kenyans invade the forest, sometimes with government consent and fraudulently issued legal land ownership documents. According to the BBC “During the past 15 years, more than 100,000 hectares – one quarter of the protected forest reserve – had been settled and cleared.” About 20,000 families had settled in the forest.

In the last few years, the government has been working on the removal of these illegal settlers from this forest complex which is the largest of the country’s 5 most important ‘water towers’. Now it seems that the government is succeeding, but it has not been – as usual -without its fair share of politics. Of course, where voters are concerned, the politicians will take sides depending on which block of the electorate they want to align themselves with.

That said, the first batch of illegal settlers started leaving the forest a couple of days ago. This, in environmental terms is good as the government has promissed to plant 100-million trees to replace those felled by the settlers. It is a good start but it will definitely take decades before the rivers of the Mau can once again flow as they did before the 1990s.

This eviction however introduces a sad humanitarian crisis since many of the evictees have nowhere else to go. Many have resigned to a life of squalor on the outskirts of the forest, along major roads. The government says it has plans to resettle those who are genuinely homeless in the same fashion it is assisting the IDPs who resulted from the violent fallout from the disputed 2007 presidential elections. We however know how these things work.

To really know how the government is likely to deal with this huge humanitarian burden, you just need to reflect back to the case of evictees that came from the Mount Kenya Forest. This particular group had been living in the forest when the colonial government demarcated the forest reserve in 1950. In 1989 however, they were evicted after they started encroaching further into the forest. Since then, they stayed by the roadside until July 2009 when they were allocated land in Laikipia area north of Mount Kenya. They had been on the roadside for 20 years.

Is the eviction of 20,000 humans out of the forest a good thing? I would say yes. They need to get out so that the work of rehabilitating the forest can start in earnest. But, the government should act with haste to find alternative agricultural land to settle these people so that they can once again engage in economic activities that help in building the nation.

Evictees cannot be allowed to go back to the Mau. That would make matters worse. They should not be relocated to another protected area. There are still large tracts of land owned by a few rich Kenyans. Such land is lying idle and underutilized despite the fact that it is in prime agricultural areas. The government should force these greedy landowners to sell this land and use it to settle the landless.